European monarchies evolved into nation-states through the establishment of common characteristics under centralized rule.
European monarchies began to acquire a national character and create modern states by spreading a common language, religion, establishing a unique army, and implementing cohesive laws. This led to the development of nation-states, where power was centralized under monarchs through hereditary succession.
The emergence of absolute monarchies in some regions and the rise of separate national identities based on religion, language, and culture contributed to the formation of distinct political entities within Europe.
Modern democracy eventually emerged in Europe in the nineteenth century, granting more citizens the right to vote in national elections and shaping the transition from earlier forms of governance.
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